BIOS - Access Setup
the BIOS has an interface in order to modify the parameter of the motherboard: the setup of the bios. It is a small program that allows you to articulate between them the different components of your computer. The bios charge each device in turn and perform a system test called POST (Power On Self Test) that ensures the smooth start. If one of the components fails, the BIOS prevents it.
The Basic Input / Output System (BIOS) is an essential component of the computer, allowing the control of hardware elements. This is a software part of which is located in a ROM (read-only memory; a memory that can not be modified), and a second part is in an EEPROM (memory modifiable by electrical pulses , hence the term flash to designate the action of modifying the EEPROM).
BIOS Setup
Most BIOSes have a "setup" that allows you to change the basic configuration of the system. This type of information is stored in a self-powered memory (using a battery) so that the information is retained even when the system is turned off (RAM is reset each time it is restarted).
There are many BIOS's in each computer:
●The BIOS of the motherboard
●The BIOS that controls the keyboard
●The BIOS of the video card
and eventually
●The BIOS of SCSI controllers that allow booting on the SCSI device, which then communicates with the DOS without additional driver
●(The BIOS of network cards that allow booting on the network)
Access the BIOS
When the system is turned on, the BIOS displays a copyright message on the screen and then performs the diagnostics and initialization tests. When all tests have been completed, the BIOS displays a message prompting the user to press one or more keys to enter the BIOS setup.
Depending on the BIOS mark, it may be the F2 key, the F10 key, or one of the following keystrokes:
"Delete" key
"Del" key
"F2" key
"Ctrl + Alt + Esc"
"F1" key
"F10" key
"Ctrl + Alt + S"
Ctrl + Alt + Ins
Indeed, the key differs depending on the model of your motherboard. If no information is displayed on the screen, you should refer to the documentation of your motherboard.
Change the BIOS Setup
Once inside the setup, it is possible to change various parameters affecting the performance of your PC, such as processor frequency or different motherboard settings. It also allows you to force the detection of new devices or change the order of boot devices, for example, temperature, fan speed, date and time, or voltage. All of these settings should be handled with care, as many of them can damage your computer if they are changed without real knowledge of the risks. It is therefore strongly recommended for neophytes to keep the original parameters of the bios.
Beeps and error codes
When the system is powered up or rebooted (Reset), the BIOS takes an inventory of the hardware in the computer and performs a test (called POST for "Power-On Self Test") to check that it is working properly. .
●Perform a CPU test
●Check the BIOS
●Check the CMOS configuration
●Initialize the timer (the internal clock)
●Initialize the DMA controller
●Check RAM and cache
●Install all BIOS features
●Check all configurations (keyboard, floppy disks, hard disks ...)
If POST ever encounters an error, it will try to continue booting the computer. However if the error is serious, the BIOS will shut down the system and display a message on the screen if possible (the display material is not necessarily yet initialized or may be faulty);emit an audible signal, in the form of a sequence of beeps to diagnose the origin of the fault;send a code (called POST code) to the serial port of the computer, which can be retrieved using specific diagnostic hardware.
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